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Expression Marks

Tempo, Dynamics, Articulation and Clarity Terms

  Tempo

LargoVery slow
LarghettoNot as slow as largo
AdagioSlow, leisurely
LentoSlow
ModeratoModerate
AndanteMoving with a moderate tempo
AndantinoFaster than andante
AllegrettoA little slower than allegro
AllegroModerately fast
VivaceLively, animated, brisk
PrestoFast, rapid
PrestissimoVery rapidly


   Dynamics

PianissimoVery soft
PianoSoft
Mezzo pianoModerately soft
Mezzo forteModerately loud
ForteLoud
FortissimoVery loud
  
CrescendoIncreasing in loudness
Decrescendodecreasing in loudness
Diminuendodiminishing in loudness
Rinforzandosudden increase in loudness
Sforzandoplay the note with sudden emphasis

   Style

Amorosotender and affectionate
Animatoanimated; lively
Calandogradually softer and slower
Cantabilein a singing style
Con Animawith life and animation
Con Briowith vigor and spirit
Con Fuocowith energy or passion
Decisodecisively
Detachedetached
Dolcesweetly
Dolorososorrowfully
Espressivoexpressively
Furiosofurious
Giocosohumorous
Grandiosowith grandeur
Graziosogracefully
Legatosmooth and connected
Leggierolightly
Maestosomajestically
Marcatomarked and stressed
Marzialin the style of a march
Morendodying away
Perdendosidying away
Pesanteheavy
Religiosoreligious, solemn
Rubatotaken out of tempo
Semplicesimple
Semprealways, continuously
Sostenutosustained
Soto vocein an undertone
Staccatoshort and detached
Tenutosustained, held for full value
Tranquillotranquill

   Articulation

Staccatoa dot placed above or below a note means to play it short
Slura curved line either above or below notes that connects two different pitches that are to be played smoothly
Tiea curved line either above or below two of the same notes indicating not to attack the second note
Tenutoa line above or below the note means to play the full value of the note
Accentan accent placed above or below the note means to emphasise the not
Breath Markan apostrophe placed above the staff means to take a breath

   Clarity Terms

Assaivery
Conwith
L'istesso temposame tempo
Menoless
Mossomoved, agitated
Non tropponot too much
Piu mossofaster
Pocolittle
Poco a pocolittle by little
Semprealways
Similein the same manner
Subitosuddenly